Foreign Object Damage (FOD)

Foreign object damage (FOD) is a common phenomenon that is observed in aero-engine components/structures. As CMCs are further implemented into aero-engines, concern arises over their intrinsically brittle nature which makes them susceptible to significant damage due to impact by foreign objects. Their susceptibility to impact damage can result in premature component failure that can severely degrade performance or cause catastrophic failure. Therefore, it is critical to understand the effects of FOD in order to address issues related to the design, performance, and reliability of CMCs.